【诗教】：请助校对

田牧

 
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">【诗教】古代诗学概念。出于《礼记·经解》篇，托言孔子曰，</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">入其国，其教可知也。其为人也，温柔敦厚，《诗》教也。</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">汉儒根据儒家经学的需要，提出了</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">《诗》教</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">说，原是指古代周《诗》三百篇的伦理规范及其为政教服务的巨大社会作用。这一理论，源于孔子的“思无邪”说。而与《礼记·经解》篇几乎同时的《毛诗序》，也有相似的论调：“《关雎》，后妃之德也，风之始也，所以风天下而正夫妇也。……风，风也，教也</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">风以动之，教以化之。”又云，</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">上以风化下，下以风刺上，主文而谲谏，言之者无罪，闻之者足以戒，故曰风。</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">意思是说，古《诗》三百篇，以其巨大的道德感染力量，启发了人们的精神自觉，形成一股风气，达到</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">移风易俗</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">的政治目的，说明诗歌为封建政教服务的社会作用。人们把诗歌作为抒情言志的工具，可以上风化下，也可以下风刺上。但是</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">下以风刺上</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">的诗歌，应合于</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">温柔敦厚</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">或</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">主文谲谏</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">的封建伦理规范。这一“《诗》教”说，不仅符合汉代封建大一统的形势要求，而且符合后世封建统治者的根本利益。因此，后世的封建文人，吸收了前人的理论，把汉儒特指的“《诗》教”，改为泛指一般诗歌创作的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">诗教</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">，于是逐所形成了儒家传统诗论的政教中心说，提倡诗歌创作与评论为封建政教服务。这一</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">诗教</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">说，统治了中国封建社会的诗坛，直至清中叶的沈德潜，仍然有其巨大影响。此后，随着封建社会的衰落和灭亡，它终于成了历史的陈迹。</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New? new="New">蒋凡</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"></span>&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US">摘自《中国诗学大辞典》</span></p>

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高伯甘

<p>说诗教成了历史的陈迹也有绝对化之嫌,今天学生课本里还选有古诗词内容,也不仅仅是让学生背诵几篇古诗词.</p>

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